Polyneuritis’s Definition Causes Prevention is a disease that attack the nerves and probably caused by many factors including diabetes …
Polyneuritis’s Definition Causes Prevention
In the following lines, you will read all the essentials about polyneuropathy caused by many medication factors and more. Our Africa Bio Health center specializing in phytotherapy guarantees you healing through plants. Read this to the end and you will not regret it.
What is Polyneuritis?
Polyneuropathy is the simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body. Infections, toxins, drugs, cancers, nutritional deficiencies, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and other disorders can cause many peripheral nerves to malfunction.
Causes of Polyneuropathy
Acute polyneuropathy has many causes:
Infections involving a toxin produced by bacteria, as occurs in diphtheria
An autoimmune reaction (when the body attacks its own tissues), as occurs in Guillain-Barré syndrome
Certain toxins, such as triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) and thallium
The cause of chronic polyneuropathy is often unknown. Known causes include the following:
- Diabetes (the most common)
- Excessive use of alcohol
- Infections (such as hepatitis C, HIV infection, Lyme disease, shingles)
- Hereditary neuropathies (such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease)
- Autoimmune disorders (such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, vasculitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus)
- Vitamin B12 deficiency, which also causes subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord and often pernicious anemia
- Other nutritional deficiencies (such as thiamin deficiency), an uncommon cause in the United States, except among alcoholics who are malnourished
- An underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism)
- Toxic substances, including heavy metals such as arsenic, lead and mercury
Kidney failure - Cancer (such as multiple myeloma), which damages nerves by directly invading or putting pressure on them
- Drugs, including the antiseizure drug phenytoin, some antibiotics (such as chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, and sulfonamides), and some chemotherapy drugs (such as vinblastine and vincristine)
Rarely, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) taken in excessive amounts
The most common form of chronic polyneuropathy usually results from poor control of blood sugar levels in people with diabetes but may result from excessive use of alcohol.
Diabetic neuropathy refers to the several forms of polyneuropathy that diabetes can cause. (Diabetes can also cause mononeuropathy or multiple mononeuropathy, which leads to weakness, typically of the eye or thigh muscles.)
Some people have a hereditary form of polyneuropathy.
Depending on the cause, polyneuropathies may affect the following:
Motor nerves (which control muscle movement)
Sensory nerves (which transmit sensory information)
Cranial nerves (which connect the head, face, eyes, nose, muscles, and ears to the brain)
Autonomic nerves (which control involuntary functions such as blood pressure and heart rate)
A combination of the above
Polyneuropathy may result from damage to any of the following:
Myelin sheath (the membranes that surround the axon and that enable nerve impulses to travel quickly), as occurs in Guillain-Barré syndrome
The blood supply to the nerve, as can occur in vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels)
Axon (the long branch of the nerve that sends messages), as can occur in diabetes or kidney failure
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